\u5e73\u621028\u5e74\u5ea6\u5b66\u4f1a\u8cde\u7b49\u9078\u8003\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u3000\uff08\u5e73\u621028\u5e745\u670821\u65e5\u958b\u50ac\uff09
\n\u3000\u8d64\u5742\u7532\u6cbb\u3001\u6d45\u898b\u5d07\u6bd4\u5442\u3001\u98ef\u7530\u3000\u5f18\u3001\u4e95\u53e3\u6cf0\u6cc9\u3001\u5009\u8c37\u3000\u6ecb\u3001\u5bcc\u5ca1\u61b2\u6cbb\u3001\u677e\u5cf6\u4fca\u4e5f
\n\u3000\u59d4\u54e1\u9577\u3000\u4e95\u53e3\u6cf0\u6cc9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u672c\u8cde\u306e\u51686\u540d\u306e\u5fdc\u52df\u8005\u306f\u3001\u9078\u8003\u898f\u7a0b\u306b\u3042\u308b\u300c\u6d3b\u767a\u306a\u7814\u7a76\u6d3b\u52d5\u3092\u884c\u3044\u5c06\u6765\u306e\u9032\u6b69\u767a\u5c55\u304c\u5f37\u304f\u671f\u5f85\u3055\u308c\u308b\u82e5\u624b\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u300d\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u9ad8\u3044\u6c34\u6e96\u3067\u306e\u9078\u8003\u3068 \u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002\u5fdc\u52df\u8005\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u696d\u7e3e\u3001\u5c06\u6765\u306e\u767a\u5c55\u6027\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a73\u7d30\u306b\u5be9\u8b70\u3057\u305f\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b3\u540d\uff08\u4e94\u5341\u97f3\u9806\uff09\u3092\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u306b\u63a8\u85a6\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3068\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u6728\u77e2\u525b\u667a\u4f1a\u54e1\u306f\u3001\u6606\u866b\u3092\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u624b\u6cd5\u306b\u3088\u308a\u884c\u52d5\u3092\u5236\u5fa1\u3059\u308b\u795e\u7d4c\u6a5f\u69cb\u306e\u89e3\u660e\u3092\u76ee\u6307\u3057\u305f\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u5c55\u958b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u30df\u30c4\u30d0\u30c1\u3068\u30ab\u30a4\u30b3\u30ac\u3067\u795e\u7d4c\u6d3b\u52d5\u4f9d\u5b58\u7684\u306b\u767a\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u6700\u521d\u671f\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50kakusei\u3068Hr38\u3092\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u540c\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3066\u6d3b\u52d5\u306e\u751f\u3058\u305f\u795e\u7d4c\u7d30\u80de\u3092\u53ef\u8996\u5316\u3059\u308b\u624b\u6cd5\u3092\u958b\u767a\u3057\u305f\u7814\u7a76\u306f\u7279\u7b46\u306b\u5024\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6728\u77e2\u4f1a\u54e1\u306f\u3053\u306e\u624b\u6cd5\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30df\u30c4\u30d0\u30c1\u3067\u306f\u30c0\u30f3\u30b9\u6642\u306b\u6d3b\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u8133\u9818\u57df\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u795e\u7d4c\u6d3b\u52d5\u304c\u63a1\u990c\u98db\u884c\u6642\u306e\u8996\u899a\u7d4c\u9a13\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u3069\u3092\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3057\u3001\u307e\u305f\u3001\u30ab\u30a4\u30b3\u30ac\u3084\u30b7\u30e7\u30a6\u30b8\u30e7\u30a6\u30d0\u30a8\u3067\u306f\u3001\u96cc\u6027\u30d5\u30a7\u30ed\u30e2\u30f3\u306b\u5fdc\u7b54\u3059\u308b\u96c4\u306e\u8133\u9818\u57df\u3092\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u306b\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3059\u308b\u306a\u3069\u3001\u512a\u308c\u305f\u6210\u679c\u3092\u4e0a\u3052\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u65b0\u898f\u306b\u5b9f\u9a13\u624b\u6cd5\u3092\u958b\u767a\u3057\u884c\u52d5\u306e\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u306b\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u3059\u308b\u6728\u77e2\u4f1a\u54e1\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306f\u9ad8\u304f\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001\u5c06\u6765\u306e\u767a\u5c55\u304c\u5927\u3044\u306b\u671f\u5f85\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It is a great honor and pleasure to be awarded for this prestigious award. Taking this precious opportunity, I would like to introduce my studies conducted so far and future direction. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Insects exhibit a variety of fascinating behaviors and many of these behaviors are hard-wired. From childhood, I have been strongly interested in instinctive behaviors of animals and wanted to figure out why animals can behave appropriately without being taught from others. Out of many animals, insects drew my interest most strongly, since they can perform highly ordered behaviors even with such tiny brains. Since I first had the opportunity to address my hard-wired questions as a graduate student, I am luckily pursuing my interest as a researcher.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Aiming at elucidating the neural basis of instinctive behaviors in insects, I focused on immediate early genes (IEGs), whose expressions increase in response to neural activity, as the marker of neural activity. By now, I identified two novel IEGs from insect brains which can be reliably used as neural activity markers and comprehensively mapped active neurons in brains of insects showing instinctive behaviors, as below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Here, I briefly summarize each study.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. Workers of honeybees (here I studied European honeybees) are able to transmit the location of rich food sources which they found during their foraging trips by exhibiting dance behavior. This behavior is well-known as \u201cdance communication\u201d of honeybees. In dance communication, foragers transmit information of \u2018distance\u2019 and \u2018direction\u2019 of food sources by \u2018waggle duration\u2019 and \u2018angle\u2019 of dances. Nestmates follow the dance in the dark hive, decode dance information, and reach the indicated food sources, which are sometimes several kilometers away from the hive. Although this highly sophisticated behavior long drew interest of researchers, the neural mechanism of dance communication was totally unknown. To understand the neural mechanism of dance communication, I thought that it is essential to know the active brain regions and neurons in dancers. To identify active brain regions in dancers, I came to the idea to use IEGs as a neural activity marker. Since no IEG was known in insects, I screened for genes upregulated upon neural activity and identified a novel IEG kakusei<\/em>from honeybee brains. Establishing neural activity mapping methods utilizing kakusei<\/em>, I discovered that a subtype of mushroom body neurons is preferentially active in dancers. Further examinations revealed that the activity is related to foraging experience and visual inputs during foraging. This study for the first time identified an IEG from insect brains and revealed a candidate brain region related to dance communication. What role do these mushroom body neurons play in dance communication? This question remains unsolved. In the future study, I would like to reveal the neural circuit and its working principal that govern dance communication ability of honeybees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2. Instinctive behaviors of insects are so diverse and all species have their own unique behaviors. As an entomologist, it is a dream to establish a method that is useful to detect active neurons in any insect that one wants to investigate. From silkmoth brain, I identified a highly conserved IEG Hr38<\/em>and confirmed that Hr38<\/em>can reliably be used as a neural activity marker in silkmoth, fly, and honeybee. Using Hr38<\/em>, I revealed comprehensive neural activity pattern of male silkmoth stimulated with sex pheromone and of male fly stimulated with females. Hr38<\/em>is the first conserved IEG in insects to be reported. Since Hr38<\/em>is conserved among metazoans and in situ <\/em>hybridization is applicable to any animals, Hr38 <\/em>can serve as a neural activity marker, when one wants to identify brain regions and neurons active during instinctive behaviors. Utilizing transgenic techniques of silkmoth and fly, I am currently establishing activity-dependent neural tracing methods, where neurons activated by certain behaviors can be visualized with GFP and artificially controlled by optogenetics. Utilizing these novel methods, I would like to identify and reveal functions of novel neural circuit of instinctive behaviors in insects in future studies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Finally, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to all of my advisors, collaborators, and family. These works were not at all possible without their help.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u3000\u4f50\u85e4\u6df3\u4f1a\u54e1\u306f\u3001\u9577\u5e74\u306e\u8b0e\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u30ec\u30c3\u30b5\u30fc\u30d1\u30f3\u30c0\u3084\u9c2d\u811a\u985e\uff08\u30a2\u30b6\u30e9\u30b7\u3001\u30a2\u30b7\u30ab\u3001\u30bb\u30a4\u30a6\u30c1\uff09\u7b49\u306e\u7cfb\u7d71\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3065\u3051\u3084\u7409\u7403\u8af8\u5cf6\u56fa\u6709\u306e\u30c8\u30b2\u30cd\u30ba\u30df\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u56fa\u6709\u306e\u30a2\u30ab\u30cd\u30ba\u30df\u53ca\u3073\u4e8c\u30db\u30f3\u30e4\u30de\u30cd\u306e\u7cfb\u7d71\u5b66\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3065\u3051\u306a\u3069\u3001\u54fa\u4e73\u985e\u306e\u5206\u5b50\u7cfb\u7d71\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u63a8\u9032\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u3001\u30af\u30ed\u30c6\u30f3\u3084\u30cb\u30db\u30f3\u30c6\u30f3\u7b49\u306e\u30a4\u30bf\u30c1\u985e\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u7cfb\u7d71\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u5c55\u958b\u3057\u3001\u5730\u8cea\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u8981\u56e0\u3068\u751f\u614b\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u8981\u56e0\u304c\u65e5\u672c\u7523\u30a4\u30bf\u30c1\u985e\u76f8\u306e\u5f62\u6210\u306b\u5927\u304d\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3057\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u7409\u7403\u5217\u5cf6\u306e\u30c8\u30b2\u30cd\u30ba\u30df\u3001\u5bfe\u99ac\u306e\u30c4\u30b7\u30de\u30c6\u30f3\u3001\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u306e\u30af\u30ed\u30c6\u30f3\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30cb\u30db\u30f3\u30e4\u30de\u30cd\u3092\u5bfe\u8c61\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u5217\u5cf6\u306b\u751f\u606f\u3059\u308b\u54fa\u4e73\u985e\u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u7684\u56fa\u6709\u6027\u53ca\u3073\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u3092\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u5cf6\u306b\u9694\u96e2\u3055\u308c\u305f\u751f\u7269\u96c6\u56e3\u306e\u7d76\u6ec5\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1\u3092\u884c\u3044\u3001\u54fa\u4e73\u985e\u306e\u4fdd\u5168\u907a\u4f1d\u5b66\u306b\u3082\u8ca2\u732e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u4f50\u85e4\u4f1a\u54e1\u306f\u3001\u91ce\u751f\u30cf\u30c4\u30ab\u30cd\u30ba\u30df\u306e\u4e9c\u7a2e\u9593\u4ea4\u96d1\u306b\u4f34\u3044\u751f\u3058\u305f\u30d8\u30e2\u30b0\u30ed\u30d3\u30f3\u30d9\u30fc\u30bf\u9396\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u306e\u7d44\u63db\u3048\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u3084\u54fa\u4e73\u985e\u306e\u6bdb\u8272\u95a2\u9023\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u306e\u591a\u578b\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u3001\u9c2d\u811a\u985e\u306e\u65e8\u5473\u53d7\u5bb9\u4f53\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u304c\u507d\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u767a\u898b\u3057\u3001\u98df\u6027\u3084\u98df\u3079\u65b9\u304c\u507d\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u5316\u306b\u95a2\u4e0e\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8208\u5473\u6df1\u3044\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u767a\u8868\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u54fa\u4e73\u985e\u306e\u5206\u5b50\u9032\u5316\u5b66\u306b\u3082\u8ca2\u732e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u52a0\u3048\u3066\u4eca\u5f8c\u306e\u767a\u5c55\u3092\u671f\u5f85\u3057\u3001\u4f50\u85e4\u6df3\u4f1a\u54e1\u304c\u65e5\u672c\u52d5\u7269\u5b66\u4f1a\u5968\u52b1\u8cde\u53d7\u8cde\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u76f8\u5fdc\u3057\u3044\u3068\u5224\u65ad\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u3000\u79c1\u306f\u3001\u30b2\u30ce\u30e0\u306b\u6b8b\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3001\u751f\u304d\u7269\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u3001\u672a\u6765\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u63a2\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u9762\u767d\u3055\u3092\u611f\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306f\u3001\u907a\u4f1d\u60c5\u5831\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u5206\u5b50\u7cfb\u7d71\u5b66\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u9032\u5316\u5b66\u3001\u7cfb\u7d71\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u4fdd\u5168\u907a\u4f1d\u5b66\u306e4\u3064\u306e\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u304b\u3089\u3001\u54fa\u4e73\u985e\u306e\u8d77\u6e90\u3001\u74b0\u5883\u9069\u5fdc\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u7d76\u6ec5\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u3092\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u306b\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u3000\u5206\u5b50\u7cfb\u7d71\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8907\u6570\u306e\u6838DNA\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u7cfb\u7d71\u63a8\u5b9a\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u9577\u5e74\u306e\u8b0e\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u30ec\u30c3\u30b5\u30fc\u30d1\u30f3\u30c0\uff08Ailurus fulgens<\/em>\uff09\u3001\u9c2d\u811a\u985e\uff08Pinnipedia\uff1b\u30a2\u30b6\u30e9\u30b7\u3001\u30a2\u30b7\u30ab\u3001\u30bb\u30a4\u30a6\u30c1\uff09\u3001\u30ad\u30e5\u30fc\u30d0\u30bd\u30ec\u30ce\u30c9\u30f3\uff08Solenodon cubanus<\/em>\uff09\u3001\u30c8\u30b2\u30cd\u30ba\u30df\uff08Tokudaia<\/em>\uff09\u7b49\u306e\u7cfb\u7d71\u5b66\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3065\u3051\u3084\u3001\u305d\u306e\u8d77\u6e90\u3068\u306a\u308b\u5e74\u4ee3\u3092\u89e3\u660e\u3057\u305f\u307b\u304b\u3001\u30a4\u30bf\u30c1\u79d1\uff08Mustelidae\uff09\u306e\u7cfb\u7d71\u653e\u6563\u3068\u5730\u7403\u74b0\u5883\u5909\u52d5\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5730\u53f2\u3068\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u3092\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u3000\u5206\u5b50\u9032\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u306f\u3001\u91ce\u751f\u30cf\u30c4\u30ab\u30cd\u30ba\u30df\uff08Mus musculus<\/em>\uff09\u306e\u4e9c\u7a2e\u9593\u4ea4\u96d1\u306b\u4f34\u3044\u751f\u3058\u305f\u30d8\u30e2\u30b0\u30ed\u30d3\u30f3\u30d9\u30fc\u30bf\u9396\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u306e\u7d44\u63db\u3048\u3084\u3001\u98df\u8089\u76ee\u54fa\u4e73\u985e\uff08Carnivora\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6bdb\u8272\u95a2\u9023\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5473\u899a\u53d7\u5bb9\u4f53\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u306e\u9032\u5316\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f\u3002\u7279\u306b\u5473\u899a\u53d7\u5bb9\u4f53\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u306f\u3001\u9c2d\u811a\u985e\u306e\u65e8\u5473\u53d7\u5bb9\u4f53\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u304c\u507d\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u767a\u898b\u3057\u3001\u98df\u6027\u3084\u98df\u3079\u65b9\u304c\u672c\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u306e\u507d\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u5316\u306b\u95a2\u4e0e\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u3000\u7cfb\u7d71\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30af\u30ed\u30c6\u30f3\uff08Martes zibellina<\/em>\uff09\u3084\u30cb\u30db\u30f3\u30c6\u30f3\uff08Martes melampus<\/em>\uff09\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u5217\u5cf6\u3078\u306e\u6d41\u5165\u7d4c\u8def\u3084\u5e74\u4ee3\u306e\u63a8\u5b9a\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u3001\u8fd1\u5e74\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u9678\u751f\u54fa\u4e73\u985e63\u7a2e\u306e\u5206\u5b50\u7cfb\u7d71\u5b66\u30fb\u7cfb\u7d71\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u307e\u3068\u3081\u3001\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u6bd4\u8f03\u7cfb\u7d71\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u89e3\u6790\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u6d25\u8efd\u6d77\u5ce1\u3084\u5bfe\u99ac\u30fb\u671d\u9bae\u6d77\u5ce1\u306e\u5730\u53f2\u7684\u5909\u52d5\u3084\u3001\u30cb\u30c3\u30c1\u306e\u9055\u3044\u3092\u53cd\u6620\u3059\u308b\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u8fd1\u7e01\u6027\u304c\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u7523\u9678\u751f\u54fa\u4e73\u985e\u306e\u5206\u5e03\u5f62\u6210\uff08\u540c\u6240\u6027\u30fb\u7570\u6240\u6027\uff09\u306b\u5927\u304d\u306a\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u660e\u3089\u304b\u3068\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u3000\u4fdd\u5168\u907a\u4f1d\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u7269\u306b\u3088\u308b\u68ee\u6797\u306e\u5206\u65ad\u5316\u304c\u3001\u91ce\u751f\u751f\u7269\u96c6\u56e3\u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u7684\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u306b\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u5f71\u97ff\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u3068\u5171\u306b\u3001\u5cf6\u306e\u54fa\u4e73\u985e\u3092\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068\u3057\u305f\u7d76\u6ec5\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u6700\u3082\u983b\u7e41\u306b\u7d76\u6ec5\u304c\u8d77\u304d\u3066\u304d\u305f\u306e\u306f\u5cf6\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u308f\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u8981\u56e0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5cf6\u306e\u96c6\u56e3\u306e\u5c0f\u96c6\u56e3\u5316\u306b\u3088\u308b\u907a\u4f1d\u7684\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u306e\u4f4e\u4e0b\u306e\u95a2\u4e0e\u304c\u7591\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u5cf6\u5dbc\u96c6\u56e3\u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u7684\u56fa\u6709\u6027\u3084\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1\u306f\u3001\u7d76\u6ec5\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u77e5\u898b\u3092\u5f97\u308b\u4e0a\u3067\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306b\u3001\u30c8\u30b2\u30cd\u30ba\u30df\u3084\u30c4\u30b7\u30de\u30c6\u30f3\uff08Martes melampus tsuensis<\/em>\uff09\u306a\u3069\u3092\u5bfe\u8c61\u306b\u3001\u8907\u6570\u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u5ea7\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u5206\u5b50\u7cfb\u7d71\u89e3\u6790\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u5cf6\u306e\u7cfb\u7d71\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u56fa\u6709\u6027\u3092\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3057\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u30c4\u30b7\u30de\u30c6\u30f3\u3084\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u306e\u30af\u30ed\u30c6\u30f3\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u672c\u571f\u3084\u30e6\u30fc\u30e9\u30b7\u30a2\u5927\u9678\u306e\u96c6\u56e3\u3068\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8457\u3057\u304f\u4f4e\u3044\u907a\u4f1d\u7684\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3092\u660e\u3089\u304b\u3068\u3057\u305f\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u306f\u3001\u798f\u5c71\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u5730\u7406\u7684\u306a\u512a\u4f4d\u6027\u3092\u6d3b\u304b\u3057\u3001\u702c\u6238\u5185\u6d77\u5cf6\u5dbc\u306e\u30a2\u30ab\u30cd\u30ba\u30df\u96c6\u56e3\u3092\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068\u3057\u305f\u3001\u5cf6\u5dbc\u751f\u7269\u96c6\u56e3\u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u7684\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u30df\u30c8\u30b3\u30f3\u30c9\u30ea\u30a2DNA\u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u7684\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u304c\u3001\u5cf6\u306e\u9762\u7a4d\u3068\u6b63\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3092\u767a\u898b\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u96c6\u56e3\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u306e\u6e1b\u5c11\u304c\u3001\u5cf6\u5dbc\u96c6\u56e3\u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u7684\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u306e\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u3000\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e4\u3064\u306e\u67f1\u3068\u306a\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u80cc\u666f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u306f\u3001DNA\u30d0\u30fc\u30b3\u30fc\u30c7\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u6cd5\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u54fa\u4e73\u985e\u306e\u98df\u6027\u5206\u6790\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u306f\u3001\u54fa\u4e73\u985e\u306e\u74b0\u5883\u9069\u5fdc\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u77e5\u898b\u3092\u5f97\u308b\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u3001\u4e0a\u8ff0\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5206\u5e03\u306e\u540c\u6240\u6027\u30fb\u7570\u6240\u6027\u306e\u6c7a\u5b9a\u306b\u5927\u304d\u306a\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u305f\u751f\u614b\u5b66\u7684\u8981\u56e0\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u98df\u7269\u7db2\u306e\u89e3\u660e\u306b\u3082\u8ca2\u732e\u3067\u304d\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4fdd\u5168\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e0a\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u77e5\u898b\u304c\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u98df\u6027\u306e\u89e3\u660e\u306f\u3001\u4e0a\u8ff0\u306e\u5473\u899a\u53d7\u5bb9\u4f53\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u306e\u591a\u578b\u3068\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u306e\u89b3\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u3082\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u8208\u5473\u6df1\u3044\u3002\u8b1b\u6f14\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30dd\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u767a\u8868\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0a4\u3064\u306e\u67f1\u3092\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306b\u3001\u54fa\u4e73\u985e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u3000\u4e8c\u968e\u5802\u96c5\u4eba\u4f1a\u54e1\u306f\u4e00\u8cab\u3057\u3066\u3001\u810a\u690e\u52d5\u7269\u306e\u7cfb\u7d71\u95a2\u4fc2\u3084\u9069\u5fdc\u9032\u5316\u6a5f\u69cb\u3092DNA\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u63a2\u6c42\u3057\u3001\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u305d\u306e\u6210\u679c\u306f\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u3084\u56f3\u9451\u306e\u6539\u8a02\u3092\u4fc3\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u4e16\u306b\u5e83\u304f\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u308b\u306b\u81f3\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u4e8c\u968e\u5802\u4f1a\u54e1\u306f\u307e\u305a\u3001\u6563\u5728\u6027\u53cd\u5fa9\u914d\u5217\uff08SINE\uff09\u306e\u633f\u5165\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30af\u30b8\u30e9\u306b\u3082\u3063\u3068\u3082\u8fd1\u7e01\u3067\u3042\u308b\u73fe\u5b58\u7a2e\u304c\u30ab\u30d0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u767a\u898b\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u591a\u304f\u306e\u54fa\u4e73\u985e\u306e\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u4e00\u9023\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u6210\u679c\u3092\u5831\u544a\u3057\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u4e8c\u968e\u5802\u4f1a\u54e1\u306f\u6771\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u7523\u30b7\u30af\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9\u306b\u6ce8\u76ee\u3057\u3001\u30d5\u30a7\u30ed\u30e2\u30f3\u53d7\u5bb9\u4f53\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u306b\u5f37\u3044\u81ea\u7136\u9078\u629e\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3002\u751f\u7269\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u3092\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3057\u305f\u4e00\u9023\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3092\u9451\u307f\u3001\u52a0\u3048\u3066\u4eca\u5f8c\u306e\u767a\u5c55\u3092\u671f\u5f85\u3057\u3001\u4e8c\u968e\u5802\u96c5\u4eba\u4f1a\u54e1\u304c\u65e5\u672c\u52d5\u7269\u5b66\u4f1a\u5968\u52b1\u8cde\u53d7\u8cde\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u76f8\u5fdc\u3057\u3044\u3068\u5224\u65ad\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n From the beginning of my research at 1997, I have been focusing on the adaptive evolution of animals. Especially, the mechanism of morphological diversification in higher vertebrates through adaptive evolution is of my primary interest because the earth is full of interesting creatures in terms of their appearance (phenotypes). The goal of my research is to link such interesting phenotypes to genotypes by using the Darwin\u2019s theory of natural selection at the DNA level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Around 2000, I have published several important papers about the molecular phylogeny of mammals; 1. the phylogenetic position of hippopotamuses (Nikaido et al. 1999), 2. the monophyly of the toothed whales (Nikaido et al. 2001), 3. the phylogenetic relationship of bats within mammals (Nikaido et al. 2000). The above studies attracted attention of many biologists including paleontologists and have been widely cited in the scientific journals. Especially, my finding of the close relationship between hippopotamus and whales challenged two traditional hypotheses; \u201cthe monophyly of the order Artiodactyla\u201d and \u201cthe monophyly of mesonychians and whales\u201d. At present, both of these hypotheses were revised and the order \u201cCet-artiodactyla\u201d was newly proposed based on my finding. Around 2007, I moved my research to the evolution of coelacanths and cichlids (these groups are also very important in the field of evolutionary biology as the textbook examples of living fossil and adaptive radiation, respectively). For both animals, I participated in the projects of whole genome sequencing and comparative genomics (Nikaido et al. 2013; Brawand et al. 2014). Based on the comparative genomics, I found a genetically distinct coelacanth population off the northern Tanzanian coast (Nikaido et al. 2011). The coelacanth genome project also shed light on the evolutionary mechanism of water to land transition in vertebrates at the DNA level. The comparative genome analyses including pheromone receptor genes (Nikaido et al. 2014) has revealed that the considerable amount of standing genetic variation (ancestral polymorphisms) exists in cichlid genomes that could lead to adaptive radiation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n At present, I focus on the genomic region responsible for the parallel evolutions of adaptive morphology (e.g. lip thickness) of cichlids. In particular, I performed comprehensive QTL mapping analysis by using more than 400 of hybrid individuals, leading to the finding of the candidate gene (genomic region) responsible for the lip thickness. I hope this study (including my previous studies) will become one of the hallmark papers to understand the phenotype evolution from genotype. Let\u2019s enjoy evolution.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5e73\u621028\u5e74\u5ea6\u5b66\u4f1a\u8cde\u7b49\u9078\u8003\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u3000\uff08\u5e73\u621028\u5e745\u670821\u65e5\u958b\u50ac\uff09 \u3000\u8d64\u5742\u7532\u6cbb\u3001\u6d45\u898b\u5d07\u6bd4\u5442\u3001\u98ef\u7530\u3000\u5f18\u3001\u4e95\u53e3\u6cf0\u6cc9\u3001\u5009\u8c37\u3000\u6ecb\u3001\u5bcc\u5ca1\u61b2\u6cbb\u3001\u677e\u5cf6\u4fca\u4e5f \u3000\u59d4\u54e1\u9577\u3000\u4e95\u53e3\u6cf0\u6cc9 \u3000\u672c\u8cde\u306e\u51686\u540d\u306e\u5fdc\u52df\u8005\u306f\u3001\u9078\u8003\u898f\u7a0b\u306b\u3042\u308b\u300c\u6d3b\u767a\u306a\u7814\u7a76\u6d3b\u52d5\u3092\u884c\u3044\u5c06 […]","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[42,12],"tags":[47],"class_list":["post-2015","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-topics","category-zs-award","tag-47"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pb55P2-wv","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zoology.or.jp\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2015","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zoology.or.jp\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zoology.or.jp\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zoology.or.jp\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zoology.or.jp\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2015"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.zoology.or.jp\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2015\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2017,"href":"https:\/\/www.zoology.or.jp\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2015\/revisions\/2017"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zoology.or.jp\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2015"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zoology.or.jp\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2015"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zoology.or.jp\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2015"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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