Selection Committee for Awards of the Zoological Society of Japan
Committee Chairperson Takahiro Asami<\/p>\n\n\n\n
All 5 applicants for this award were outstanding researchers representing diverse fields of zoology, and all met the selection criteria of being \"researchers who have achieved academically extremely beneficial results that make important and remarkable contributions to the progress and development of zoology.\" The selection process was extremely difficult, but as a result of detailed deliberations regarding the applicants' research content, research achievements, and degree of contribution to the progress and development of zoology, the following two individuals (in Japanese alphabetical order) were decided to be recommended to the Board of Directors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Member Teruaki Nishikawa has been a world-leading pioneer in the phylogenetic taxonomy of ascidians, lancelets, acorn worms, enteropneusts (Pterobranchia), spoon worms (Echiura), and peanut worms (Sipuncula). Across 41 original research papers on ascidians totaling over 600 species, he established 23 new species. He has also published numerous works on spoon worms and peanut worms, which are phylogenetically distant from ascidians, making unrivaled contributions to improving academic and social understanding of the phylogeny and taxonomy of these animal groups. His research on bonellid spoon worms and the genus *Yumushia* overturned established theories in phylogenetic taxonomy and attracted worldwide attention. Regarding lancelets, he originally described *Asymmetron inferum* in *Zoological Science*, the only known lancelet species inhabiting depths exceeding 200 meters near whale falls, introducing a new lancelet species for the first time in 80 years. He accomplished the Japanese translation of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 4th edition, and contributed to its education and dissemination. The magnitude of his achievements in leading global phylogenetic taxonomy through this broad and profound academic research, and contributing from Japan to the international advancement of natural history research, makes him highly deserving of the Zoological Society of Japan Award.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In the system classifying metazoans into 37 phyla, no less than 34 of them include extant marine invertebrates. Yet, over a research career spanning more than 40 years, the subjects of my direct study have been limited to a mere four phyla (Echiura and Sipuncula within the phylum Annelida, Hemichordata, Cephalochordata, and ascidians within the phylum Urochordata). Receiving this award under such circumstances feels like an undeserved reward for persevering with education and research, however meagerly, without giving up, thanks to being blessed with mentors, seniors, colleagues, and collaborators, and being helped by so many people. I am both humbled and endlessly grateful.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
As is well known, taxonomy is the science of enumerating and discovering (that is, distinguishing), describing, naming, and organizing and systemizing the diversity of organisms based on the \"species,\" and it has developed using morphological comparison as a means since the time of Aristotle. However, the difficulty in finding objective criteria for how morphologically different organisms must be to constitute a separate species (or a separate genus, family...) has continually plagued traditional taxonomists like myself who rely on morphological information. For example, since the above four phyla do not mate, the path of exploring reproductive isolation from mating behavior is virtually closed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
However, the rapid progress of molecular phylogenetics over the past twenty years or so is resolving this dilemma. The information on classification, morphology, development, ecology, and geographical distribution that our predecessors have steadily accumulated through fieldwork has been integrated all at once by providing a framework of comparison based on highly reliable molecular phylogenetic hypotheses. A joyful era has arrived in which various aspects of the history of life, including speciation, can be comprehensively inferred with a certain degree of certainty. I, too, have experienced this firsthand through collaborative research with outstanding molecular phylogenetists. Phylogenetic taxonomy is bound to become even more exciting from now on. Moreover, among marine invertebrates, there are many animal groups where research has hardly progressed at all. Young generation, come forth!<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Below is an overview of my research. Having spent over 40 years engaged in the phylogenetic taxonomy of marine invertebrates, it feels both brief and yet reasonably long. I ask for your indulgence regarding the length of this account.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(1) The \"apparatus\" surrounding taxonomy\u2014specimens, museums, the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The standard for the scientific name of a species\u2014that is, the ultimate authority\u2014is not the description paper, but the name-bearing type specimen (holotype, syntype, etc.), and as our understanding deepens, we must repeatedly return to it. Therefore, such specimens must be maintained in good condition permanently, and the academic and international role of the museums responsible for them is immensely significant. Moreover, this is only one of a multifaceted range of functions that museums perform. The rich development of zoology, which should rely not only on animal systematics but broadly on natural history, depends on the progress of research-based museum activities. To date, I have borrowed and closely examined numerous name-bearing type specimens and other materials from overseas museums. In later years, I also organized comprehensive on-site surveys of museum specimens collected and brought back to Europe by naturalists who came to Japan in the early Meiji period, such as D\u00f6derlein (funded by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research) and Lorent (funded by the Nagoya University Research Fund), achieving major results. On each occasion, I was deeply filled with respect and gratitude for the people who protected numerous precious specimens through turbulent times, including two world wars, and for the systems that made this possible. I hope Japan can be the same. I, too, devoted my modest efforts to the diverse activities of the Nagoya University Museum for nine and a half years from its establishment in 2000, and I am proud of that. (Afterward, I was blessed with an unexpected and wonderful educational and research environment in the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, and retired in March 2015.) Relatedly, with the support of the Nagoya University Research Fund and other sources, I have continued research exploring the roots of museums and animal taxonomy in Japan (Genichiro Narasaka and the Aichi Educational Museum, Kazuma Takamatsu, Kenji Osawa, Kubary, etc.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Furthermore, I co-edited the Japanese translation of the current 4th edition (2000) of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature\u2014an excellent system for the stable usage of scientific names of animals\u2014along with its supplement (2005) with Mr. Taichi Noda, and I am glad to hear that this is helping the younger generation understand the nomenclature code. In recent years, I have also taken on part of the financial support activities for the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, which oversees zoological nomenclature (http:\/\/jssz.sakura.ne.jp\/iczn\/index.html). I would like to ask for your support.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(2) Sea squirts\u2014fascinated by morphological diversity<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sea squirts (phylum Tunicata, class Ascidiacea) are a relatively large taxonomic group with approximately 2,800 known species, of which about 300 have been recorded from the waters around Japan. Although recent molecular phylogenetic analyses have questioned their monophyletic status, they exhibit remarkable diversity in body plan (for example, the positional relationship between the digestive tract and gonads) and asexual reproduction modes, with both colonial and solitary forms. Captivated by this, and under the guidance of my mentor, Dr. Takashi Tokioka, I have made it my life's work to organize and elucidate the ascidian fauna of the waters surrounding the Japanese archipelago from a global perspective. I have pursued this endeavor with support from Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, research grants from the Fisheries Invertebrate Research Institute, and Toho University's foundational research funding, among others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The main achievements to date include individual descriptions of sea squirt fauna across Japan (1975\u2013), the description of a new species of ascidian, *Polyandrocarpaurosa*, possessing mysterious epidermal organs (1982), the taxonomic revision of synonyms for North Pacific brooding ascidians and the discovery of their unique heart position and distinctive brooding organs (1984), the description of a large number of tropical Pacific specimens obtained by participating in overseas scientific surveys led by the National Museum of Nature and Science (1984, 1986), and the vase tunicate (*Ciona intestinalis*), which is widely used as an experimental organismCiona intestinalis<\/em>and ghost tunicateC. savignyi<\/em>morphological identification and taxonomic organization (co-authored with Dr. Zenichiro Hoshino, 1985) and the discovery of cryptic species in the former (co-authored with Miho Suzuki and others, 2005), a monograph on ascidians across the entire Sea of Japan (1990, 1991, 1992), a comprehensive guide to shallow-water ascidians of the Japanese coast (a chapter in the illustrated book edited by my mentor, Dr. Saburo Nishimura, 1995), resolution of the taxonomic confusion surrounding the genus Halocynthia through thorough investigation of literature records and world museum specimens (2002), the discovery of the non-native species Ascidiella aspersa in Japan (co-authored with Makoto Kanamori and others, 2012) and the identification of related species using morphology and molecules (co-authored with Ichiro Ohara and others, 2014), a proposal for the revision of high-level chordate classification (co-authored with Nori Satoh and others, 2014), elucidation of the phylogenetic position of Polyandrocarpa zenibotan by comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis (collaboration with molecular phylogeneticists at Toho University, presented at last year's annual meeting of this society), and molecular phylogenetic studies of the genus Halocynthia and others (same, results of undergraduate research at the same university; some scheduled for presentation at this year's annual meeting of this society).<\/p>\n\n\n\n By the way, the founder of ascidian taxonomy in Japan was Dr. Asajiro Oka, who long served as a professor at the Tokyo Higher Normal School and reported numerous new and newly recorded species starting in 1892. These precious specimens, including their name-bearing types, were on the verge of being discarded in a pile at a dump when Tokyo University of Education was abolished. Fortunately, they caught the eyes of Dr. Hiroshi Watanabe and Dr. Koichi Sekiguchi, and some of them, saved from destruction, were transported to the newly established University of Tsukuba. It is said that both professors cared for them out of their own pockets. Afterward, with the understanding of the university and the diligent efforts of Mr. Michio Michikawa, they were well maintained over a long period and have now found a secure home at the National Museum of Nature and Science. The taxonomic facts revealed by this Oka collection are too numerous to list. Taking this opportunity, I would like to express my heartfelt respect and gratitude for the efforts of both professors and all other related parties. As a modest way of repaying this debt of gratitude, I would like to report here that the taxonomic re-examination of this collection has already been completed and is currently in the process of being published as a paper.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (3) Lancelets\u2014Pursuing the mystery of morphological uniformity and speciation<\/p>\n\n\n\n Lancelets (subphylum Cephalochordata), despite generating strong zoological interest as prototypes of vertebrates, had long lacked taxonomic research in Japan. When I began my research, there was only one known species (the lanceletBranchiostoma belcheri<\/em>, the current Eastern lanceletB. japonicum<\/em>). Through the careful examination of a large number of specimens, I first clarified that the Japanese population of this species is morphologically similar to the Qingdao population (1981), reported the first records of Asymmetron lucayanum and Epigonichthys maldivensis from Japan (1979, 1980, etc.), and, with the kind assistance of Kaoru Kubokawa and Yoshihiro Fujiwara, described the world's first deep-sea amphioxus species, Asymmetron inferum (skeleton amphioxus), as a new species based on specimens collected by JAMSTEC (2004).<\/p>\n\n\n\n As our understanding of lancelets deepened, one question after another arose: for instance, whether the morphological striking similarity among the approximately 30 known species is due to \"evolutionary stagnation,\" or whether the taxonomy that divides genera based on whether the gonads are present only on the right side of the body or on both sides is valid. To resolve such issues, I concluded that the only way was to conduct a molecular phylogenetic analysis covering all known species, and I asked Mutsumi Nishida to collaborate on the research. With the support of the Narishige Zoological Science Promotion Fund and Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, I actually traveled to various parts of the world to collect specimens starting in 1996, and succeeded in obtaining a highly reliable molecular phylogenetic tree using more than 40 populations acquired over a period of about 15 years. Part of this work was published (starting in 2004) as co-authored papers with esteemed molecular phylogenetists, including Mr. Nishida, Masahiro Nohara, Kenji Kon, Yusuke Yamanoue, and Masaki Miya. Among these findings, we discovered the existence of two cryptic species within the *Asymmetron lucayanum* species group in the Indo-West Pacific region, including Japan, and inferred the evolutionary process of this group. At the same time, we clarified the phylogenetic position of *Epigonichthys cultellus* (formerly *Branchiostoma cultellum*), and elevated the genus *Asymmetron*, which was previously included within the genus *Epigonichthys* (formerly *Branchiostoma*), to an independent genus. Furthermore, based on divergence time estimation, we concluded that the morphological uniformity is due to slow morphological change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (4) Echiurans and Sipunculans: Toward a Revision of the Classification System<\/p>\n\n\n\n Echiurans and sipunculans were once considered separate phyla, but as a result of molecular phylogenetic analyses, they are now often treated as members of the phylum Annelida. Since taxonomic research on these groups in Japan was practically non-existent after the war, I aimed to do work that would connect to the next generation. Regarding sipunculans, I collaborated with Professor Edward Cutler and his wife to create a monograph of Japanese species (1984), and based on this, I wrote an account covering shallow-water species along the Japanese coast (a chapter in the Nishimura Illustrated Book, 1992). However, feeling the need to re-examine the cosmopolitan distributions at the species level that frequently occur under the current taxonomic system established by Professor Cutler, I initiated molecular phylogenetic analyses of the Japanese species in question (in collaboration with Takeshi Kon and others, as the result of a Toho University graduation project). In addition, through collaborative research with Mayu Fukino and others, we discovered undescribed species of deep-sea sipunculans (currently in preparation for submission, based on Fukino's master's thesis).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Regarding spoon worms (Echiura), starting with writing a comprehensive commentary on shallow-water species along the Japanese coast (Chapter 1 of the Nishimura Illustrated Book, 1992), I resolved the nomenclatural confusion regarding family-group names (1998). Furthermore, doubting the conventional taxonomic system in which a single endemic Japanese spoon worm species alone constituted an \"order,\" I happened to discover and examine in detail a museum specimen comparable to a name-bearing type. Finding that the supposed peculiarity of the body wall structure\u2014upon which the system was based\u2014was a factual error, I substantially revised the taxonomic system (2002). At the same time, based on the fact that only female individuals had been discovered in the species, I suggested the possibility that this species was closely related to the family Bonellidae, which exhibits marked sexual dimorphism, a hypothesis that has been supported by recent molecular phylogenetic analyses. In addition, I resolved part of the taxonomic confusion surrounding the genus *Ikeda* by examining name-bearing type specimens of related species and numerous newly collected specimens (2004). At Toho University, I began collaborative research with graduate student Masaatsu Tanaka, demonstrating that a common species in the Seto Inland Sea, also used as fishing bait, was actually a new species (2013). Moreover, making full use of molecular information, we were able to correct the taxonomic confusion surrounding the genus *Yinuki*\u2014endemic to the Far East\u2014for the first time in nearly 70 years (co-authored with Mr. Kon, 2014; won this year's Zoological Science Award). Furthermore, alongside researchers such as Makoto Kazama, I have spent many years tackling the mysteries of the antitropical distribution and speciation of the genus *Urechis*, the results of which are soon ready to be published as a paper (part of which has been presented at this society's annual meetings, etc.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n (5) Hemichordates: In search of *Rhabdopleura annulata*<\/p>\n\n\n\n In Japan, taxonomic research on the classes Enteropneusta and Pterobranchia of the phylum Hemichordata had also been stalled for a long time. Recognizing them as an indispensable animal group for elucidating the origin and evolution of chordates, I have maintained an interest in them alongside ascidians and amphioxi since my undergraduate research. Regarding enteropneusts, I achieved preliminary results, such as a preliminary population dynamics analysis of the acorn worm *Ptychodera flava* population in Kushimoto (1977), the description of a two-headed specimen (1985), a review in Nakayama Shoten's \"Animal Systematic Zoology\" (1986), and a commentary in the Nishimura Illustrated Book (1992). However, much of the detailed examination of specimens collected over many years from various parts of Japan and the Western Pacific region, with the support of the Fujiwara Natural History Foundation and Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, remains to be done in the future. On the other hand, regarding the class Pterobranchia, centered on elucidating the reality of the unique morphological characteristics of the Japanese endemic genus and species *Rhabdopleura yezoensis*, and with the support of JAMBIO, I am conducting joint research with individuals such as Hiroshi Namikawa (part of the results has been presented at meetings of this academic society, etc.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Looking back like this, I realize how truly many people, starting with my generous mentors, have supported and helped me in various ways. I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude once again, including to the many individuals whose names could not be specially mentioned here. As is likely true for many academic disciplines, the proverb \u201cconstant dripping wears away the stone\u201d seems especially apt for taxonomy. Encouraged by this award, I hope to continue my \"dripping\" for a while longer and contribute, even if only in a small way, to the further development of animal phylogenetics and the Zoological Society of Japan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n Oocytes accumulate substances necessary for embryonic development while arrested at the prophase of the first meiotic division. Subsequent hormonal stimulation resumes meiosis, making them ready for fertilization at the metaphase of the second meiotic division. This process is called oocyte maturation, and the maturation-promoting factor (MPF) plays a particularly important role in this process. Although the true nature of MPF had been unclear since its discovery in 1971, Dr. Yamashita demonstrated that MPF is composed solely of Cdc2 and cyclin B, and that while the molecular structure of MPF itself is identical across various animals, the formation process of active MPF differs depending on the animal species. Furthermore, he identified the Pumilio protein, which regulates the stage-specific translation of cyclin B mRNA, and elucidated the mechanism by which hormones stimulate the resumption of meiosis in oocytes. Consistently conducting world-leading research in the field of oocyte maturation and making immense contributions to the advancement of reproductive biology, Member Yamashita's achievements make him richly deserving of the Zoological Society of Japan Award.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The life cycle of sexually reproducing organisms begins with the fertilization of an egg. Egg maturation is one of the prerequisite processes for fertilization. Oocytes arrest meiosis at the prophase I stage, during which they grow by accumulating substances necessary for embryonic development. In many vertebrates, meiosis is resumed upon hormonal stimulation, reaching metaphase II to become a fertilizable egg. This process is called egg maturation, in which the egg matures through the sequential action of gonadotropic hormones (GTH) from the pituitary gland, maturation-inducing hormones (MIH) from follicular cells, and maturation-promoting factor (MPF) formed within the oocyte. MPF is the ultimate factor that induces egg maturation, and understanding the molecular mechanisms of its formation and function means understanding the direct reactions that lead the egg to maturation. This also leads to an understanding of the subsequent mechanisms of ovulation, fertilization, and embryonic development, having a major impact on other reproductive and developmental biology research. Furthermore, whereas GTH and MIH are species-specific, the action of MPF is common to all eukaryotes, inducing egg maturation (resumption of meiosis) as well as somatic cell division. Therefore, understanding the details of the molecular structure, function, and regulation of MPF also leads to an understanding of the fundamental mechanisms controlling cell division. However, since its discovery by Dr. Yoshio Masui in 1971, the chemical identity of MPF remained unknown for a long time, and the elucidation of its molecular identification and formation\/activation mechanism had been a major issue in the fields of reproductive biology and cell biology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n For my graduation research, I chose to observe the fertilization and development processes of brittle stars, a type of marine invertebrate. This became my first step into research on oocyte maturation. By observing the annual changes in the gonads of the study subject, the brittle star *Amphipholis squamata*, I was able to identify its breeding season; however, it was difficult to obtain mature eggs, making artificial insemination and the subsequent observation of development challenging (starfish and brittle stars belong to different taxonomic classes, and 1-methyladenine, the maturation-inducing hormone [MIH] in starfish, does not induce oocyte maturation in brittle stars). Therefore, wondering if oocyte maturation could be artificially induced, I conducted experiments treating immature brittle star oocytes with various chemicals available in the laboratory, and discovered that oocyte maturation is induced by cyclic AMP (cAMP). At least in vertebrates, a decrease in intracellular cAMP concentration is considered essential for oocyte maturation, and this contrary finding attracted attention as the first clear demonstration of the diversity of oocyte maturation, earning me the Zoological Science Award (subsequently, cAMP-induced oocyte maturation was also reported in jellyfish and polychaetes, leading to the recognition that this phenomenon is not unique to brittle stars). Sparked by this, I became interested in the universality and diversity of oocyte maturation mechanisms and began research on MPF in Yoshitaka Nagahama's laboratory at the National Institute for Basic Biology in 1988. At that time, it was right before cell cycle research was about to flourish greatly, integrating achievements from yeast genetics and marine invertebrate embryology. In 1988, it was reported that the final fraction of MPF purified from *Xenopus* eggs contained Cdc2 and cyclin B. However, many other proteins were also present in the final fraction, leaving room for doubt regarding the conclusion that MPF consisted solely of these two molecules. Therefore, I aimed to highly purify MPF from carp (Nishikigoi), which can provide a large supply of mature eggs, to completely identify its constituent molecules. Furthermore, to clarify universality and diversity, I decided to investigate the formation and activation mechanisms of MPF in various vertebrates, including fish.<\/p>\n\n\n\n After confirming that MPF highly purified from mature carp eggs consists solely of Cdc2 and cyclin B, we investigated the formation\/activation mechanism of MPF during oocyte maturation using fish (goldfish, medaka, zebrafish, carp, loach, catfish, lamprey), amphibians (Xenopus, Japanese brown frog, toad, newt, axolotl), and mammals (mouse, pig). The results revealed that in the immature oocytes of Xenopus and mice, which are commonly used as vertebrate models, inactive MPF (called pre-MPF, in which both threonine 161 (T161) and tyrosine 15 (Y15) of Cdc2 bound to cyclin B are phosphorylated) exists, and active MPF is formed through the dephosphorylation of Y15 during oocyte maturation. In contrast, in the immature oocytes of many other vertebrates, pre-MPF does not exist; instead, newly synthesized cyclin B during oocyte maturation binds to pre-existing monomeric Cdc2, followed by the phosphorylation of T161 on Cdc2 to form active MPF. In other words, while the molecular structure of active MPF (Cdc2 bound to cyclin B with only T161 phosphorylated) is common, the pathways leading to it were found to differ among species. This finding was obtained for the first time through comprehensive research that does not rely solely on model animals, reconfirming the importance of comparative biology. Furthermore, I aimed to elucidate the complete picture of the mechanism by which oocytes ultimately mature in response to MIH stimulation, by clarifying the molecular pathway from MIH reception at the oocyte surface to MPF, as well as the functions of MPF and its related molecules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Through research using various species, we discovered that the key reaction ultimately inducing oocyte maturation in vertebrates is the initiation of translation of cyclin B mRNA, which is stored in a translationally repressed state within the oocyte, upon receiving MIH stimulation. To elucidate this mechanism, in collaboration with Assistant Professor Tomoya Kotani of our laboratory (currently Associate Professor at Hokkaido University), I generated transgenic zebrafish capable of real-time detection of the timing and localization of cyclin B mRNA translation in oocytes. Experiments using these fish revealed that translationally repressed cyclin B mRNA forms granules in the cytoplasm directly beneath the animal pole of the oocyte in an actin cytoskeleton-dependent manner, through the action of Pumilio and CPEB proteins binding to its 3\u2019 untranslated region, as well as an unidentified protein binding to the coding region. Furthermore, we clarified that upon receiving hormonal stimulation, after an appropriate time course, the cyclin B mRNA granules disintegrate and translation is initiated. We also demonstrated that disrupting the intracellular localization of the granules disrupts the site- and timing-specific translational control of cyclin B mRNA. Additionally, we showed that cyclin B mRNA granule formation, intracellular localization in oocytes, and granule disintegration during the oocyte maturation process are also observed in mice, clarifying that these are phenomena common to at least vertebrates. Precise control of the timing and site of protein expression is the foundation supporting all biological phenomena. Therefore, this discovery is expected to provide hints for research toward elucidating not only the mechanism of release from translational repression of cyclin B mRNA associated with the initiation of oocyte maturation, but also the fundamental principles governing biological phenomena, thereby having a major impact on a broad range of fields in the life sciences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n As described above, by conducting research from a broad perspective based on zoology, we were able to elucidate the final induction mechanism of oocyte maturation\u2014an important issue in the field of reproductive biology\u2014and clarify its common and species-specific aspects. Moving forward, we aim to further develop this research on oocyte maturation and delve into the spatiotemporal-specific control of protein expression, which is fundamental to biological phenomena, particularly translational control mechanisms coupled with intracellular mRNA localization and fine structural changes.\u3002<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u65e5\u672c\u52d5\u7269\u5b66\u4f1a\u30fb\u5b66\u4f1a\u8cde\u7b49\u9078\u8003\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u3000 \u59d4\u54e1\u9577\u3000\u6d45\u898b\u5d07\u6bd4\u5442 \u672c\u8cde\u306e\u51685\u540d\u306e\u5fdc\u52df\u8005\u306f\u3001\u52d5\u7269\u5b66\u306e\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u9818\u57df\u3092\u4ee3\u8868\u3059\u308b\u512a\u308c\u305f\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u9078\u8003\u898f\u7a0b\u306b\u3042\u308b\u300c\u5b66\u8853\u4e0a\u751a\u3060\u6709\u76ca\u3067\u52d5\u7269\u5b66\u306e\u9032\u6b69\u767a\u5c55\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u304b\u3064\u9855\u8457\u306a\u8ca2\u732e\u3092\u306a \u3059\u696d\u7e3e\u3092\u3042\u3052\u305f\u7814\u7a76 […]","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[42,12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2038","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-topics","category-zs-award"],"acf":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pb55P2-wS","jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zoology.or.jp\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2038","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zoology.or.jp\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zoology.or.jp\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zoology.or.jp\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zoology.or.jp\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2038"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zoology.or.jp\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2038\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2039,"href":"https:\/\/www.zoology.or.jp\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2038\/revisions\/2039"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zoology.or.jp\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2038"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zoology.or.jp\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2038"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zoology.or.jp\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2038"}],"curies":[{"name":"WP","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n\n\n\nMasakane Yamashita
Professor at Hokkaido University
Research topic: Elucidation of the mechanism ultimately inducing oocyte maturation: Universality and diversity in the formation\/activation mechanism of Maturation-Promoting Factor (MPF)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n Reasons for the Recommendation<\/h5>\n\n\n\n
Winner Summary<\/h5>\n\n\n\n