After deliberating on the candidate papers for the Zoological Science Award recommended by the Editorial Board of Zoological Science, the Council of the Zoological Society of Japan has decided to present the 2010 Zoological Science Award and the Fujii Prize to the following eight papers.

List of papers awarded the 2010 Zoological Science Award

Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of the Japanese Wolf (Canis lupus hodophilax Temminck, 1839) and Comparison with Representative Wolf and Domestic Dog Haplotypes
Naotaka Ishiguro, Yasuo Inoshima and Nobuo Shigehara
pp. 765–770
Determining the gene sequences of the mitochondrial D-loop region from multiple Japanese wolf bone specimens and comparing their sequences with continental wolves and native Japanese dog breeds confirmed the genetic uniqueness of the Japanese wolf, while also revealing that some skeletal specimens previously identified as Japanese wolves were actually dogs. As the first and quite extensive DNA analysis of the Japanese wolf, alongside skeletal morphometric measurements, this study holds high value.

Huge Symbiotic Organs in Giant Scale Insects of the Genus Drosicha (Coccoidea: Monophlebidae) Harbor Flavobacterial and Enterobacterial Endosymbionts
Yu Matsuura, Ryuichi Koga, Naruo Nikoh, Xian-Ying Meng, Satoshi Hanada and Takema Fukatsu
pp. 448–456
We identified giant symbiotic organs (bacteriomes) within the bodies of the giant scale insect *Drosicha corpulenta*—one of the largest scale insects in the world—and its close relative, the pine scale insect *Matsucoccus matsumurae*. We revealed that two novel symbiotic bacteria belonging to the phylum *Flavobacteria* and the class *Gammaproteobacteria* inhabit and are housed in distinct cells. Although histological descriptions of the endosymbiotic systems of giant scale insects have existed since the 1920s, this study elucidated their true nature over 80 years later. By thoroughly utilizing molecular phylogenetics, histochemistry, electron microscopy, and field population surveys, the research achieved a high degree of completeness and serves as the definitive work on the description of endosymbiotic systems in this group.

Local Pharmacological Effects of Tungstate on the Color-Pattern Determination of Butterfly Wings: A Possible Relationship Between the Eyespot and Parafocal Element
Bidur Dhungel and Joji M. Otaki
pp. 758–764
An original paper studying the mechanism of butterfly wing pattern formation using Junonia orithya. Based on the result that inserting tungsten into the hindwing primordium or applying a heat shock at the pupal stage alters the pattern, the relationship between eyespots and para focal elements (PFEs) is discussed, suggesting the possibility of two morphogens in wing pattern formation. It proposes a new concept using a clear and simple experimental system.
Three-Dimensionally Preserved Decapod Larval Compound Eyes from the Cretaceous Santana Formation of Brazil
Gengo Tanaka, Robin J. Smith, David J. Siveter and Andrew R. Parker
pp. 846–850
We report the three-dimensional structure of compound eyes, presumably belonging to a crustacean larva (likely a phyllosoma of a decapod spiny lobster), extracted using acetic acid from a fossil originating from a Cretaceous layer. It is rare for fossil stalked eyes to be described with a precision that includes even the ommatidial pattern. Based on its superposition eye morphology, it is inferred that the eyes belonged to a planktonic larva adapted for a pelagic existence in the high-luminance upper water layers.

Biochemical Analysis and Immunohistochemical Examination of a GnRH-like
Immunoreactive Peptide in the Central Nervous System of a Decapod
Crustacean the Kuruma Prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus
Masafumi Amano, Takuji Okumura, Kataaki Okubo, Noriko Amiya, Akiyoshi
Takahashi, Yoshitaka Oka Y
p(s) 840-845
A pioneering paper addressing invertebrate GnRH, which has remained under investigation in protochordates and mollusks. It biochemically identifies a GnRH-like peptide in the arthropod kuruma prawn and clarifies the central neural circuitry using immunohistochemistry. This provides valuable information for considering the functional differentiation of GnRH across the entire animal kingdom.

Extirpation of Hediste japonica (Izuka, 1908) (Nereididae, Polychaeta) in Central Japan, evidenced by a museum historical collection
Masanori Sato and Helmut Sattmann
pp. 369-372
An important paper demonstrating the importance of natural history museum specimens in understanding the historical transition of biota. Although the pioneer of polychaete research in Japan was an 1879 paper by Emil von Marenzeller, a curator at the Natural History Museum Vienna, the specimen collection he used for his research is still housed in the same museum. As a result of the authors' detailed morphological observation of 11 specimens from this collection that Marenzeller had identified as Nereis diversicolor Mueller, 1776, they found that these were actually Hediste japonica (Izuka, 1908). These specimens were collected from Bai v. Mia by the Austrian physician Karl Knerbl and were deposited in the Natural History Museum Vienna in 1877 via the traveler and Asian studies scholar Richard von Drasche. The current domestic habitat of Hediste japonica is limited to the mudflats in the inner part of the Ariake Sea, and the type locality of this species by Kei Izuka, Kojima Bay in the Seto Inland Sea, was lost to reclamation projects in 1959. The authors deduced that the locality of the specimens collected by Knerbl was "Miya in Owari," located at the innermost part of Ise Bay, but this area has also become Atsuta Ward in central Nagoya City due to landfill. This study revealed that Hediste japonica was once distributed at least as far as central Honshu.
Planarians Maintain a Constant Ratio of Different Cell Types During Changes in Body Size by Using the Stem Cell System
Hiroyuki Takeda, Kaneyasu Nishimura and Kiyokazu Agata
pp. 805–813
An original and clear paper focusing on how the cell number of planarians changes as their body size varies depending on conditions. It suggests the existence of a counting mechanism that controls the number of differentiated cells, and the paper is of high quality.

Morphological and Histochemical Study of the Nasal Cavity and Fused Olfactory Bulb of the Brown-Eared Bulbul, Hypsipetes amaurotis
Makoto Yokosuka, Akiko Hagiwara, Toru R. Saito, Masato Aoyama, Masumi Ichikawa and Shoei Sugita
pp. 713–721
A paper discovering that the left and right olfactory bulbs of the brown-eared bulbul are fused. Although the phenomenon in which the olfactory bulbs appear fused in certain birds had been suggested in the past, the authors confirmed this morphologically and histologically. The unique olfactory system of this bird is a very interesting phenomenon, providing many fascinating clues for considering brain function and evolution.